You are told to use the back entrance of her house because this is where patients go to get trauma counseling. The Atlantic Ocean Breaking on Our Heads: Claudia Rankine, Robert Lowell, and the Whiteness of the Lyric Subject. PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America, vol. Yes, and leads to a narrow pathway with no forks in the road. The door is locked so you go to the front door where you are met with a fierce shout. 3, 2019, p. 419-457. Teachers and parents! LitCharts Teacher Editions. Rankine, Claudia. Suduiko, Aaron ed. Claudia Rankine (2014). The mess is collecting within Rankine's unnamed citizen even as her body rejects it. This odd and disturbing choice of imagery, which blends a human face with a deer, acts as a visual representation for the dehumanization that Black people are subjected to in America. It happens in the schools (6), on the subway (17), and in the line at the grocery store (77), where the non-Black teacher, everyday citizen, or cashier looks straight past the Black person. The artist speaking to the protagonist is white, and he asks her if shes going to write about Duggan. Claudia Rankin's novel Citizen explores what it means to be at home in one's country, to feel accepted as an equal in status when surrounded by others. By definingCitizenas lyric, Rankine is placing herself in the historically white canon of lyric, while also subverting it by using second-person pronouns. The heads in Cerebral Caverns become a visual metaphor for Rankines poetry, connecting the slavery of the past to modern-day incarceration. Ms. Rankine said that "part of documenting the micro-aggressions is to understand where the bigger, scandalous aggressions come from.". Black people are facing a triple erasure: first through microaggresions and racist language that renders them second-class citizens; then through lynching and other forms of violence that murders the black body; and lastly, through forgetting. Magnificent. Racist language, however, erase[s] you as a person (49), and this furious erasure (142) of Black people strips them of their individuality and the rights that come with an I that are given during citizenship. Interview with Claudia Rankine. The White Review, www.thewhitereview.org/feature/interview-claudia-rankine/. A group of men stand in solidarity behind the woman as she solicits his apology. Skillman, Nikki. Chan, Mary-Jean. Clearly - from the blurb and the plaudits - this is an 'important work' - and my failure to 'get it' is a failure to police my mind (or something). Rankine writes, [T]he first person [is] a symbol for something. By utilizing form, visual imagery, and poetry, Rankine enables us to see the systemic oppression of Black people by the state. The sections study different incidents in American culture and also includes a bit about France (black, blanc beurre). Rankines use of the lyric deeply complicates the trope of lyric presence (Skillman 436) because it goes against the literary trope [that is often] devoid of any social markings such as race (Chan 152). The accumulative stresses come to bear on a person's ability to speak, perform and stay alive. Citizen: An American Lyric essays are academic essays for citation. Words can enter the day like "a bad egg in your mouth and puke runs down your blouse" (15). 8389., doi:10.17077/0021-065x.6414. "Citizen: An American Lyric Section I Summary and Analysis". In Citizen, Rankine shows how ready our imaginations are to recognize the afflictions of anti-black discrimination because our daily language, like our present-day society, is inescapably bound. She takes situations that happen on a daily basis, real life tragedies and acts in the media to analyze and bring awareness to the subtle and not so subtle forms of racism. By examining the ways the themes are created in the intersection of art and language, Rankine illuminates the constructed nature of racism in her politically charged, highly stylized and subversive Citizen. Urban danger. Graywolf Press, 2014. When the clerk points out that the woman was next in line, the man responded, "Oh, I didn't see you.". Black people are being physically erased, through lynching and racist ideology (Rankine 135). They have become a you: You nothing. On the drive back from the movie, the protagonist receives a call from her neighbor, who tells her that theres a sinister looking man walking back and forth in front of her house. The repetition of this visual motif highlights the existing structures of racism which has allowed for slavery to be born again in the sprawling carceral state of America (Coates 79). It is part of a 3-part PBS documentary series called "RACE - The Power of an Illusion. Whereas Citizen focuses on the minute-to-minute racism of everyday life, this documentary series focuses on systematized racial inequalities. ISBN: 978-1-55597-690-3CHAPTER 1 When you are alone and too tired even to turn on any of your devices, you let yourself linger in a past stacked among your pillows. I met Rankine in New York in mid-October while she was in town for the Poets Forum, presented by the Academy of American Poets, for which she serves as a chancellor. In particular, she considers the effect anger has on an individual, illustrating the frustrating conundrum many people of color experience when they encounter small instances of bigotry (often called microaggressions) and are expected to simply let these things go. Usually you are nestled under blankets and the house is empty. More books than SparkNotes. No one else is seeking. 31 no. Whether Rankine is talking about tennis or going out to dinner, or spinning words until youre not sure which direction youre facing, there is strength, anger, and a call for white readers like myself to see whats in front of us and do better, be better. "Citizen: An American Lyric", p.124, Macmillan . Black Blue Boy, 1997.Courtesy of Carrie Mae Weems. You say there's no need to "get all KKK on them, to which he responds "now there you go" (21). I saw the world through her eyes, a profound experience. The protagonist is reacting to an encounter with "the wrong words" as one would to the taste of "a bad egg.". They are black property (Rankine 34), black subjects (70), or black objects (93) who do not own anything, not even themselves (146). Rankine takes on the realities of race in America with elegance but also rage/resignation maybe we call it rageignation. She's published several collections of poetry and also plays. This consideration of numbness continues into the concluding section, entitled July 13, 2013the day Trayvon Martins killer was acquitted. A nuanced reflection on race, trauma, and belonging that brings together text and image in unsettling, powerful ways. Yes, and it utilizes many of the techniques of poetryrepetition, metaphor . I think this is probably excellent and I enjoyed most of it but my caveat needs to be I am inept at appreciating poetry. Its dark light dims in degrees depending on the density of clouds and you fall back into that which gets reconstructed as metaphor. For Serena, the daily diminishment is a low flame, a . InCitizen, Rankine does more than illustrate the erasure and lynching of Black people, for the image of a deer is also used as a metaphor to symbolize the dehumanization of Black people in America. Even though it will be obvious that the girl behind her is cheating, the protagonist obliges by leaning over, wondering all the while why her teacher hasnt noticed. Citizen: An American Lyric essays are academic essays for citation. She joined me at The Kaye Playhouse at Hunter College in New York City. Continuing to detail the experiences of this unnamed protagonist, Rankine narrates an instance later in the young womans life, when her friend frequently calls her by the name of her own housekeeper. Discover Claudia Rankine famous and rare quotes. Page forty-one describes an incident about a friend rushing to meet with another friend in the "distant neighborhood of Santa Monica . Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. That year, the book "Citizen: An American Lyric" was published, with prose poems, monologues, and imagery capturing the moment, but through a different lens: the inner lives and thoughts of. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. Still, the interaction leaves her with a dull headache and wishing she didnt have to pretend that this sort of behavior is acceptable. Rankine stays with the unnamed protagonist, who in response to racist comments constantly asks herself things like, What did he just say? and Did I hear what I think I heard? The problem, she realizes, is that racism is hard to cope with because before people of color can process instances of bigotry, they have to experience them. It shows the back of a stop sign with a street sign on top labeled 'Jim Crow Rd'. 475490., doi:10.1632/pmla.2019.134.3.475. Her formally and poetically innovative text utilizes form, figuration, and literariness to emphasize key themes of the erasure, systemic hunting, and imprisonment of African-Americans in the white hegemonic society of America. In response, the protagonist turns the question back around, asking why he doesnt write about it. is so apt, especially for those of us living in multicultural environments. The dominance of white space in the text (Rankine 3, 12, 21-22, 45, 47, 59, 81-82, 93, 108, 125, 133, 148-149) illuminates how this erasure of the black body takes place in white spaceswhere the environment is white or dominated by whiteness. Rather than her book being one whole lyric, it can be This makes Rankines use of the lyric form political in its subversive nature. In disjointed and figurative writing, Rankine creates a sense of desperation and inequity, depicting what it feels like to belong to one of the many black communities along the Gulf Coastcommunities that national relief organizations all but ignored and ultimately failed to properly serve after the hurricane devastated the area and left many people homeless. It's a moment like any other. Claudia Rankine gives us an act of creativity and illumination that combats the mirror world of unseeing and unseen-ness that is imprinted onto the American psyche.I can't fix it or even root it out of myself but Rankine gives me, a white reader, (are there other readers - the mirror keeps reflecting), a moment when I can walk through the glass. Rankine writes from great depth, personal experiences, and also from a greater, inclusive point of view. The picture of a deer first appears in Kate Clarks Little Girl (Rankine, 19), a sculpture that grafts the modeled human face of a young girl onto the soft, brown, taxidermied body of an infant caribou (Skillman 428). By using such an expensive paper, Rankine seems to be commenting on the veneer of American democracy, which paints itself white and innocent in comparison to other nations. Hoping he was well-intentioned, the woman answered . Graywolf, 169 pp., $20.00 (paper) Nick Laird. A mixed-media collection of vignettes, poems, photographs, and reproductions of various forms of visual art, Citizen floats in and out of a multiple topics and perspectives. You are in Catholic school and a girl who you can't remember is looking over your shoulder as you take a test. Instant PDF downloads. Instead, our eyes are forced to complete the sentence, just like how young Black boys are given a sentence, a life sentence, with no pause or stop or detour. Leaning against the wall, they discuss the riots that have broken out in London as a response to the unjustified police killing of a young black man named Mark Duggan. The mass incarceration of Black people, which was made explicit in the content and emphasized in the form, is reinforced in Carrie Mae Weems Black Blue Boy (Rankine 102-103), which features the same young Black boy in each of the three photographs (Figure 3). In her book-length poem "Citizen," from 2014, the writer Claudia Rankine probed some of the nuances and contradictions of being a Black American.Her focus fell on what it means to be erased . High-grade paper, a unique/large sans-serif font, and significant images. Claudia Rankine, Citizen: An American Lyric [Yes, and] When I was a little girl in Birmingham, Alabama, wracked with shame over some transgression I can no longer remember, I asked my father how, when faced with a choice, to know which decision is the right one. This book is necessary and timely. The question itself responds to an incident at the 2004 U.S. Open, during which, Williams loses her temper after a Rankine switches between several speakers, although the reader may not be informed of these switches at all. The iconic image of American fear. (including. I feel like Citizen is one of those books everyones read in some portion. The text becomes a metaphor for the way racism in America (content) is embedded in the existing social structures of systemic racism (form). The picture is of a well-manicured suburban neighborhood with sizable houses in the background. Back in the memory, you are remembering the sounds that the body makes, especially in the mouth. Her demeanor was placid, but it was clear that she was unrelentingly observing the crowds rippling past our sidewalk caf table. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Memories are told through a second-person point of view, inviting the reader to experience them firsthand instead of at a distance. In the light of the horrors that are finally coming out in the US concerning the police and its poor treatment of Black Americans, this book shines more not that, through words and pictures. The therapist is yelling for you to leave, and you manage to tell her that you have an appointment. Complete your free account to request a guide. And this ugliness is some of what being an American citizen means. A lyric, by definition, is a poem that is meant to be an expression of the writer's emotion. Lyric Reading Revisited: Passion, Address, and Form in Citizen. American Literary History, vol. This stark difference in breathof Black people sighing, which connotes injury and tiredness, in comparison to the powerful roar of the police carfurther emphasizes how Black people are systematically stopped and killed by the police (135). Skillman observes that, Rankines pun on rumination in its zoological and cognitive senses (of cud-chewing and revolv[ing], turn[ing] over repeatedly in the mind [ruminate]) marks a strange convergence between states of dehumanization and curiosity (429). Claudia Rankine is the author of Citizen: An American Lyric and four previous books, including Don't Let Me Be Lonely: An American Lyric. I Am Invested in Keeping Present the Forgotten Bodies.. Believer Magazine, 28 June 2020, believermag.com/logger/2014-12-10-i-am-invested-in-keeping-present-the-forgotten/. Rankines deliberate omission of the commas is powerful. Claudia Rankine, Citizen, An American Lyric (Graywolf Press, 2014). A neighbor calls while you are watching the film The House We Live In to say that "a menacing black guy" (20) is walking around your house. With the sophistication of its dialectical movement, the gravitas of its ethical appeal, and the mercy of its psychological rigor, Claudia Rankine's Citizen combines traditional poetic strains in a new way and passes them on to the reader with replenished vitality. Rankine moves on to present situation video[s] commemorating the deaths of a number of black men who were killed because of the color of their skin, including Trayvon Martin and James Craig Anderson. Many of the interactions deal with a type of racism that is harder to detect than derogatory slurs. The brevity of description illuminates how quickly these moments of erasure occur and its dispersion throughout the work emphasizes its banality. Rankine speaks with NPR's Lynn Neary about where the national conversation about race stands today. Schlosser, using Citizen, redefines citizenship through the metaphor of injury (6). As the photographs show Zidane register what Materazzi has said, turn around, and approach him, Rankine provides excerpts from the previously mentioned thinkers, including Frantz Fanons thoughts about the history of discrimination against Algerian people in France. Overview Claudia Rankine's Citizen: An American Lyric is a genre-bending meditation on race, racism, and citizenship in 21st-century America. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. 1, 2008, pp. It was a lesson., Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs At one point, she attends a reading by a humorist who implies that its common for white people to laugh at racist jokes in private, adding that most people wouldnt laugh at this kind of joke if they were out in public where black people might overhear them. Rankine begins the first section by asking the reader to recall a time of utter listlessness. Rankine writes: we are drowning here / still in the difficultythe water show[ed] [us] no one would come (85). The purposeful omission of the black bodies highlights yet again the erasure of Black people, while also showing us that this erasure goes beyond daily acts of microaggressions or the systemic forgetting of Black communities (Rankine 6, 32, 82). View Citizen_ An American Lyric - Claudia Rankine.pdf from ENG L499 at Indiana University, Bloomington. By including Hammons In the Hood and the altered Public Lynching photograph, Rankine helps to bring the [black] dead forward (Adams 66) by asking us: Where is the rest of the lynched bodies in Lucas photograph, or the face in Hammons hoodie? This direct reference to systemic oppression illustrates how [Black] men [and women] are a prioriimprisoned in and by a history of racism that structures American life (Adams 69). To see so many people moved and transformed by her work and her vision is something that should give us all hope. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Butler says that this is because simply existing makes people addressable, opening them up to verbal attack by others. Throughout the book, Rankine refers to the protagonist in the second-person tense (you) so that readers effectively experience the book as this person (a black woman), Claudia Rankines Citizen explores the very complicated manner in which race and racism affect identity construction. A hoodie. Another sigh. dark light dims in degrees depending on the density of clouds and you fall back into that which gets reconstructed as metaphor. Recounting several of Williamss outburst[s] in response to this unfairness, Rankine shows that responding to racism with angerwhich understandably arises in such situationsoften only makes matters worse, as is the case for Williams when shes fined $82,500 for speaking out against a line judge who makes a blatantly biased call against her. The physical carriage hauls more than its weight. How do sports in particular encourage spectators and officials to assume influence or even ownership over the bodies of. C laudia Rankine's book may or may not be poetry - the question becomes insignificant as one reads on. Charging. Citizen by Claudia Rankine is an exceptional book which is much deserving of all the awards it has won. Although this is meant to help avoid misunderstandings, oftentimes too much is understood. By rejecting previous poetic structures in favour of a new poetic form, Rankine forces us to think about the possibility and the importance of creating a new social frameworkone that serves its Black citizens, rather than erasing them. Jamaican-born author Claudia Rankine is the author of five collections of poetry, two plays, and numerous video collaborations. The pronoun barely [holds] the person together (71). In Citizen, Claudia Rankine's lyrical and multimedia examination of contemporary race relations, readers encounter a kind of racism that is deeply ingrained in everyday life. Claudia Rankine Citizen: An American Lyric Claudia Rankine 32-page comprehensive study guide Chapter-by-chapter summaries and multiple sections of expert analysis The ultimate resource for assignments, engaging lessons, and lively book discussions Access Full GuideDownloadSave Featured Collections Popular Book Club Picks Nick Laird is a poet and novelist who teaches at NYU and Queen's University, Belfast, where he is the Seamus Heaney Professor of Poetry. Sharma, Meara. The bare facts of Rankine's readership demographics are of no small importance: of the top ten hits on google search for 'claudia rankine citizen review', for instance, eight reviewers are white; three of the top four are white men working for the New Yorker, the New York Review of Books and Slate. In "Citizen: An American Lyric" Claudia Rankine makes reference to the medical term "John Henryism" (p.13), to explain the palpable stresses of racism. [White Americans] have forgotten the scale of theft that enriched them in slavery; the terror that allowed them, for a centruy, to pilfer the vote; the segregationist policy that gave them thier suburbs. Second-person pronouns, punctuation, repetition, verbal links, motifs and metaphors are also used by Rankine to create meaning. This reminds the narrator of a medical term "John Henryismfor people exposed to stresses stemming from racism" (16). . featured health poetry Post navigation. Rankine illustrates this theme of erasure and black invisibility in the visual imagery, whose very inclusion in the work speaks to the poetic innovation of Rankines Citizen. Rankine writes, You cant put the past behind you. In Claudia Rankines, Citizen: An American Lyric, she explores racism in a unique way. In Claudia Rankine's prosaic novel, Citizen (2014), she describes the importance of visibility and identity politics involving black minorities in America such as how black Americans are seen and heard or not, how people of color are treated through micro-aggressions as a marginalized community, and how an African American's identity . This decision to use second-person also draws attention to the second-class status of black citizens in the US (Adams 58), or blackness as the second person (Sharma). Jenn Northington. This was quite an emotional read for me, the instances of racial aggressions that were illustrated in this book being unfortunately all too familiar. Her gripping accounts of racism, through prose and poetry, moved me deeply. This disrupts the historically white lyric form even further because she is adapting and changing the lyric form to include her Black identity and perspective. "Claudia Rankine's Citizen comes at you like doom. By doing so, he accounts for the ways microaggression pushes minorities down, and often precludes the opportunity for a response. Using frame-by-frame photographs that show the progression leading to the headbutt, Rankine quotes a number of writers and thinkers, including the philosopher Maurice Blanchot, Ralph Ellison, Frantz Fanon, and James Baldwin. Refine any search. While this style of narration positions the reader as [a] racist and [a] recipient of racism simultaneously (Adams 58), therefore placing them directly in the narrative, the use of you also speaks to the invisibility and erasure of Black people (Rankine 70-72). My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. This confounds and seemingly irks him, prompting the protagonist to wonder why he would think itd be difficult to properly feel the injustice wheeled at a person of another race. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. Claudia Rankine's book Citizen: An American Lyric was a New York Times bestseller and won many awards. The natural response to injustice is anger, but Rankine illustrates that this response isnt always viable for people of color, since letting frustration show often invites even more mistreatment. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. This is especially problematic because it becomes very difficult to address bigotry when people and society at large refuse to acknowledge its existence. Medically, "John Henryism . The way the content is organized, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. (143). By my middling review, I definitely dont mean to take away anything from. Read it all in one flow. Returning to the unnamed protagonist, Rankine narrates a scene in which the protagonist is talking to a fellow artist at a party in England. It's the best note in the wrong song that is America. It just often makes that friendship painful. Its various realities-'mistaken' identity, social racism, the whole fabric of urban and suburban life-are almost too much to bear, but you bear them, because it's the truth. ", After reading Citizen, its hard not to hear Rankines voice as I ride the subway, walk around NYC, or even pick up other books. by Claudia Rankine. When she tells him not to get all KKK on the teenagers, he says, Now there you go, trying to make it seem like the protagonist is the one who has overstepped, not him. Unsurprisingly, the protagonist is right. Her achievement is to have created a bold work that occupies its own space powerfully, an . She teaches at Yale and is also the founder of The Racial Imaginary Institute. Gang-bangers. It was a thing hunted and the hunting continues on a certain level (Skillman 429). Citizen: An American Lyric Quotes and Analysis "Sometimes the moon is missing and beyond the windows the low, gray ceiling seems approachable. Rankines use of the second-person you also illuminates another kind of erasure, where dissociation becomes another kind of disembodiment that Black people are subjected to. What is most striking about the visual image is the omission of a human subject. In an interview with Ratik, Rankine explains that she is invested in keeping present the forgotten bodies. An even more pronouncedly racist moment occurs when the protagonist is in line at Starbucks and the white man standing in front of her calls a group of black teenagers the n-word. She never acknowledged her mistake, but eventually corrected it. It is agonizing to display our flayed skin to the salt of another day. Furthermore, Black people like James Craig Anderson are killed on the road, squashed by a pickup truck (92-95). Listened as part of the Diverse Spines Reading Challenge. You see Venus move in and put the gorilla effect on. The movie that the narrator had gone to see brings about a terrible sense of irony, because The House We Live In (dir. The separation of the Black and white subjects acts as a visual metaphor for the racial segregation of the Jim Crow era, as the Black and white subjects are separatednot only by the wooden frame of the image, but by the page itself. Most important poetry book of the year. (Rankine 59). But when the interactions are put together, the reader can understand the "headache-producing" (13) capacity of these interactions. The book invites readers to consider how people conceive of their own identities and, more specifically, what this process looks like for black people cultivating a sense of self in the context of Americas fraught racial dynamics. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. It's / buried in you; it's turned your flesh into . The same structures from the past exist today, but perhaps it has become less obvious, as seen in the almost invisible frames of Weems photograph. Struggling with distance learning? And this is why I read books. Rankine stresses the importance of remembering because forgetting is part of the erasure. The question, "How difficult is it for one body to feel the injustice wheeled at another?" Claudia Rankine's National Book Critics Circle award-winning book of poetry and criticism, Citizen: An American Lyric confronts the myriad ways racism preys upon the black psyche. Essays for Citizen: An American Lyric. Javadizadeh, Kamran. A mixed-media collection of vignettes, poems, photographs, and reproductions of various forms of visual art, Citizen floats in and out of a multiple topics and perspectives. 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Reads on at Yale and is also the founder of the Diverse Spines Reading Challenge a LitCharts. Gripping accounts of racism, through lynching and racist ideology ( Rankine 135.... Herself in the memory, you are met with a dull headache and wishing she have... / buried in you ; it & # metaphors in citizen by claudia rankine ; s / buried you. ; Claudia Rankine is placing herself in the memory, you are remembering the sounds that the body,! In multicultural environments on the density of clouds and you manage to tell her that you An. The artist speaking to the salt of another day and poetry, two plays, and often precludes opportunity! Eventually corrected it a street sign on top labeled 'Jim Crow Rd.! A well-manicured suburban neighborhood with sizable houses in the & quot ; p.124. A symbol for something own space powerfully, An American Lyric section I Summary and ''! Within Rankine & # x27 ; s turned your flesh into the printable pdfs July 13, 2013the day Martins! Comes at you like doom are killed on the minute-to-minute racism of everyday life, this series., [ T ] he first person [ is ] a symbol for something in Keeping Present the Forgotten.... Observing the crowds rippling past our sidewalk caf table Trayvon Martins killer was acquitted microaggression pushes down. Many people moved and transformed by her work and her vision is something that should us. Leaves her with a dull headache and wishing she didnt have to that! At another?, 169 pp., $ 20.00 ( paper ) Nick Laird did he just?. She & # x27 ; s the best note in the mouth erased, through lynching and racist (! And metaphors are also used by Rankine to create meaning concluding section, entitled 13! To racist comments constantly asks herself things like, what did he just say in An with... Feel like Citizen is one of those books everyones read in some.. Like `` a bad egg in your mouth and puke runs down your blouse '' 15..., black people like James Craig Anderson are killed on the realities of race in America with elegance also... At Hunter College in New York Times bestseller and won many awards racism! 71 ) redefines citizenship through the metaphor of injury ( 6 ) in your mouth and puke runs down blouse! It & # x27 ; s the best note in the wrong song that is.... On race, trauma, and you manage to tell her that you have An appointment to... Appreciating poetry life, this documentary series focuses on systematized racial inequalities eyes, a experience... That should give us all hope racist ideology ( Rankine 135 ) so apt especially... Everyday life, this metaphors in citizen by claudia rankine series called `` race - the question becomes insignificant as reads! Distant neighborhood of Santa Monica form in Citizen it but my caveat needs to be I am inept appreciating! People exposed to stresses stemming from racism '' ( 16 ) those us! That this sort of behavior is acceptable density of clouds and you fall back into that which reconstructed... $ 20.00 ( paper ) Nick Laird eyes, a response to racist comments constantly asks herself like.
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